Approximately 40 landless families have reoccupied land in the Volta Grande of Xingu that has been claimed by Canadian gold mining enterprise, Belo Sun.  At the end of 2021, Brazil's National Institute for Agrarian Reform, which is the federal government institute responsible for agrarian reform in Brazil, decided to cede a large area of traditionally occupied ​​land to the Canadian based mining company, Belo Sun. It did so in exchange for a share in the profits of gold mining scheduled to take place in Volta Grande. do Xingu, in Pará.

The Munduruku of Brazil's Amazon Basin have been to the fore of resistance to illegal logging and mining, deforestation, and to government policies that would legitimise these crimes. As their recent letter affirms, they oppose trading their lives and territories for carbon credit schemes. Many leaders, including Alessandra Munduruku and Maria Leusa Kaba Munduruku, who visited Scotland, Belgium and Switzerland this year, have consequently been subject to death threats and violent attacks on their homes. The headquarters of the Munduruku Women's Wakoburun association was also attacked in 2021.

By Francis Portes Virginio, Brian Garvey, Luís Leão & Bianca Pistório.  (2022) Globalizations. Special Forum on Labour Unfreedom